Section outline
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Hearing impairment and deafness sit on a spectrum, and students use a wide range of approaches to manage it — hearing aids, cochlear implants, lipreading, live captioning, or sign language, frequently in combination rather than relying on any single method. The research base is unusually clear on one point: there is no single preferred communication method across students, so a support approach built around one assumed solution will consistently fail some of the students it is meant to help.